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Why Nations Fight, by Lebow
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Four generic motives have historically led states to initiate war: fear, interest, standing, and revenge. Using an original data set, Richard Ned Lebow examines the distribution of wars across three and a half centuries and argues that, contrary to conventional wisdom, only a minority of these were motivated by security or material interest. Instead, the majority are the result of a quest for standing, and for revenge - an attempt to get even with states who had previously made successful territorial grabs. Lebow maintains that today none of these motives are effectively served by war - it is increasingly counterproductive - and that there is growing recognition of this political reality. His analysis allows for more fine-grained and persuasive forecasts about the future of war as well as highlighting areas of uncertainty.
- Sales Rank: #1335762 in eBooks
- Published on: 2010-09-01
- Released on: 2010-09-01
- Format: Kindle eBook
Review
"Richard Ned Lebow makes an extremely successful attempt at broaching lucidly the main theories of war, and offers a most fascinating and convincing way of bringing them up to date. He strongly renews a classical field of IR studies by considering the new conflicts in a very relevant manner."
Bertrand Badie, Professor, Sciences Po, Paris
"In Why Nations Fight, Richard Ned Lebow makes a welcome contribution to the study of war by bringing motives and reasons (rather than just goals and intentions) back in. Extending his theory of human motives, he develops a typology of wars and establishes a series of propositions about war-initiation which he evaluates on a new historical data set. Last, but not least, he speculates on the future of wars by extrapolating from historical shifts in both the salience of motives and the changing understanding actors have of them."
Stefano Guzzini, Senior Researcher, Danish Institute for International Studies
"In Why Nations Fight Richard Ned Lebow continues the path-breaking attempt that he started in A Cultural Theory of International Relations to re-orient the way that we study international relations. In this new book he delivers on his promise to draw on systematic data to assess his theoretical analysis of war and, as a consequence, is able to reach some fascinating and broadly optimistic conclusions. Both his theory and evidence indicates that although one of the major reasons that states have gone to war in the past is to raise their international esteem, because of some complex social and cultural changes, war is now much less likely to achieve this goal. It follows that states are becoming much less motivated to go to war. This is a stimulating and challenging attack on orthodox thinking in the field."
Richard Little, University of Bristol
About the Author
Richard Ned Lebow is James O. Freedman Presidential Professor at Dartmouth College and Centennial Professor at the London School of Economics and Political Science. Among other books, he is the author of A Cultural Theory of International Relations (Cambridge University Press, 2008) which won the 2009 American Political Science Association Jervis and Schroeder Award for the Best Book on International History and Politics as well as the British International Studies Association Susan Strange Book Prize for the Best Book in International Studies, and The Tragic Vision of Politics (Cambridge University Press, 2003) which won the 2005 Alexander George Book Award of the International Society for Political Psychology.
Most helpful customer reviews
1 of 1 people found the following review helpful.
Interesting theorist and neat presentation
By Michael Kolodzie
This book would be a great reference for anyone interested in a review of causes for every interstate war since the Westphalian definition of statehood. The conclusions, based on analysis of empirical data, are surprising and contradict many international relations theories.
0 of 0 people found the following review helpful.
Four Stars
By Michelle
Very interesting take on International Relations theories.
7 of 15 people found the following review helpful.
Not a particularly good study
By BernardZ
I think the reader should be warned that this is a politically motivated book with several quite radical political views expressed. For example, religious people as they believe in the hereafter are more willing than non believers to see their children killed in war. Another is that because many American officers come from the southern states of the US, because of their alleged political conservative views the world is right to fear them.
The book is also misnamed, something I hate. It is not as claimed a study of nations but of great powers and the calculations that they make when they go to war.
The core of the study is a table starting from 1650 that breaks down the motives for going to war into four groups interest (gain), security, standing (honor) and others. I do not know much about some of these early wars, but I do find many in the last century questionable. For example, the Russo-Japanese war 1904, I would say Japan motives were interest much more then her standing or honor. Japan wanted to drive out Russia for her benefit. Russio-Polish war of 1919, Poland's motives were interest as Poland wanted to grab land from Russia. Manchurian 1931, the Japanese wanted to take control of a region in China so I would say interest. Similarly, the Sino-Japanese war(1937) was a grab for a large part of China by Japan so it would be interest. The Russo-Finnish war (1939-40), I would say was an attempt by Russia to take over Finland in other words, interest not security as the writer claims. When the German troops came to the region during WW2, they found that the Russian had not fortified the region. Stalin I doubt ever thought in 1939, that the Germans would get that far into Russia. WW2 Hitler's Lebensraum surely is interest. Japan in 1941 was a combination of standing and interest. Etc., etc.
The problem I now have with the study is because I feel much of the table is wrong. The conclusions become questionable.
The writer also gives a breakdown of whether these great powers won or lost. Overall I tend to agree with him on this breakdown, although some of these, I find strange, for example, Russo-Polish war. He feels that Poland lost. I think the conclusion would be better described as a draw. The Sino-Japanese war from 1937 to 1945, I feel would be better classed as a draw. I would say the Japanese were defeated in China by a new conflict with the Russians in 1945.
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